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Flying
Handbook Menu > Introduction
to Flight Training > Flight
Safety Practices > Runway Incursion Avoidance
A runway incursion is any occurrence at an
airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on
the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss
of separation with an aircraft taking off, landing, or intending
to land. The three major areas contributing
to runway incursions are:
• Communications,
• Airport knowledge, and
• Cockpit procedures for maintaining orientation.
Taxi operations require constant vigilance by the entire flight
crew, not just the pilot taxiing the airplane. This is especially
true during flight training operations. Both the student pilot
and the flight instructor need to be continually aware of the
movement and location of other aircraft and ground vehicles
on the airport movement area. Many flight training activities
are conducted at non-tower controlled airports. The absence
of an operating airport control tower creates a need for increased
vigilance on the part of pilots operating at those airports.
Planning, clear communications, and enhanced situational awareness
during airport surface operations will reduce the potential
for surface incidents. Safe aircraft operations can be accomplished
and incidents eliminated if the pilot is properly trained early
on and, throughout his/her flying career, accomplishes standard
taxi operating procedures and practices. This requires the development
of the formalized teaching of safe operating practices during
taxi operations. The flight instructor is the key to this teaching.
The flight instructor should instill in the student an awareness
of the potential for runway incursion, and should emphasize
the runway incursion avoidance procedures contained in Advisory
Circular (AC) 91-73, Part 91 Pilot and Flightcrew Procedures
During Taxi Operations and Part 135 Single-Pilot Operations.
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