INDEX

1. Introduction to Flight Training
   • Purpose of Flight Training
   • Role of the FAA
   • Role of the Pilot Examiner
   • Role of the Flight Instructor
   • Sources of Flight Training
   • Practical Test Standards
   • Flight Safety Practices
     • Collision Avoidance
     • Runway Incursion Avoidance
     • Stall Awareness
     • Use of Checklists
     • Positive Transfer of Controls
2. Ground Operations
   • Visual Inspection
     • Inside the Cockpit
     • Outer Wing Surfacesand Tail Section
     • Fuel and Oil
     • Landing Gear, Tires, and Brakes
     • Engine and Propeller
   • Cockpit Management
   • Ground Operations
   • Engine Starting
   • Hand Propping
   • Taxiing
   • Before Takeoff Check
   • After Landing
   • Clear of Runway
   • Parking
   • Engine Shutdown
   • Postflight
   • Securing and Servicing
3. Basic Flight Maneuvers
• The Four Fundamentals
• Effects and Use of the Controls
• Feel of the Airplane
• Attitude Flying
• Integrated Flight Instruction
• Straight-and-Level Flight
• Trim Control
• Level Turns
• Climbs and Climbing Turns
  • Normal Climb
  • Best Rate of Climb
  • Best Angle of Climb
• Descents and Descending Turns
• Partial Power Descent
• Descent at Minimum Safe Airspeed
  • Glides
• Pitch and Power
4. Slow Flight, Stalls, and Spins
• Introduction
• Slow Flight
  • Flight at Less than Cruise Airspeeds
  • Flight at Minimum Controllable Airspeed
• Stalls (See Video)
  • Recognition of Stalls
  • Fundamentals of Stall Recovery
  • Use of Ailerons/Rudder in Stall Recovery
  • Stall Characteristics
  • Approaches to Stalls (Imminent Stalls) Power-On or Power-Off
  • Full Stalls Power-Off
  • Full Stalls Power-On
  • Secondary Stall
  • Accelerated Stalls
  • Cross-Control Stall
  • Elevator Trim Stall
• Spins
  • Spin Procedures
  • Entry Phase
  • Incipient Phase
  • Developed Phase
  • Recovery Phase
• Intentional Spins
• Weight and Balance Requirements
5. Takeoff and Departure Climbs
   • General
   • Terms and Definitions
   • Prior to Takeoff
   • Normal Takeoff
• Takeoff Roll
• Lift-Off
• Initial Climb
• Crosswind Takeoff
• Takeoff Roll
• Lift-Off
• Initial Climb
• Ground Effect on Takeoff
• Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb
• Takeoff Roll
• Lift-Off
• Initial Climb
• Soft/Rough-Field Takeoff and Climb
• Takeoff Roll
• Lift-Off
• Initial Climb
• Rejected Takeoff/Engine Failure
• Noise Abatement
6. Ground Reference Maneuvers
   • Purpose and Scope
   • Maneuvering By Reference to Ground Objects
   • Drift and Ground Track Control
   • Rectangular Course
   • S-Turns Across a Road
   • Turns Around a Point
   • Elementary Eights
• Eights Along a Road
• Eights Across a Road
• Eights Around Pylons
• Eights-On-Pylons (Pylon Eights)
7. Airport Traffic Patterns
   • Airport Traffic Patterns and Operations
   • Standard Airport Traffic Patterns
8. Approaches and Landings
   • Normal Approach and Landing
• Base Leg
• Final Approach
• Use of Flaps
• Estimating Height and Movement
• Roundout (Flare)
• Touchdown
• After-Landing Roll
• Stabilized Approach Concept
• Intentional Slips
• Go-Arounds (Rejected Landings)
• Power
• Attitude
• Configuration
• Ground Effect
• Crosswind Approach and Landing
• Crosswind Final Approach
• Crosswind Roundout (Flare)
• Crosswind Touchdown
• Crosswind After-Landing Roll
• Maximum Safe Crosswind Velocities
• Turbulent Air Approach and Landing
• Short-Field Approach and Landing
• Soft-Field Approach and Landing
• Power-Off Accuracy Approaches
• 90? Power-Off Approach
• 180? Power-Off Approach
• 360? Power-Off Approach
• Emergency Approaches and Landings (Simulated)
• Faulty Approaches and Landings
• Low Final Approach
• High Final Approach
• Slow Final Approach
• Use of Power
• High Roundout
• Late or Rapid Roundout
• Floating During Roundout
• Ballooning During Roundout
• Bouncing During Touchdown
• Porpoising
• Wheelbarrowing
• Hard Landing
• Touchdown in a Drift or Crab
• Ground Loop
• Wing Rising After Touchdown
• Hydroplaning
• Dynamic Hydroplaning
• Reverted Rubber Hydroplaning
• Viscous Hydroplaning
9. Performance Maneuvers
   • Performance Maneuvers
• Steep Turns
• Steep Spiral
• Chandelle
• Lazy Eight
10. Night Operations
    • Night Vision
    • Night Illusions
    • Pilot Equipment
    • Airplane Equipment and Lighting
    • Airport and Navigation Lighting Aids
    • Preparation and Preflight
    • Starting, Taxiing, and Runup
    • Takeoff and Climb
    • Orientation and Navigation
    • Approaches and Landings
    • Night Emergencies
11. Transition to Complex Airplanes
    • High Performance and Complex Airplanes
    • Wing Flaps
• Function of Flaps
• Flap Effectiveness(broken)
• Operational Procedures
• Controllable-Pitch Propeller
• Constant-Speed Propeller
• Takeoff, Climb, and Cruise
• Blade Angle Control
• Governing Range
• Constant-Speed Propeller Operation
• Turbocharging
• Ground Boosting vs. Altitude Turbocharging
• Operating Characteristics
• Heat Management
• Turbocharger Failure
• Overboost Condition
• Low Manifold Pressure
• Retractable Landing Gear
• Landing Gear Systems
• Controls and Position Indicators
• Landing Gear Safety Devices
• Emergency Gear Extension Systems
• Operational Procedures
• Preflight
• Takeoff and Climb
• Approach and Landing
• Transition Training
12. Transition to Multiengine Airplanes
    • Multiengine Flight
    • General
    • Terms and Definitions
    • Operation of Systems
• Propellers
• Propeller Synchronization
• Fuel Crossfeed
• Combustion Heater
• Flight Director / Autopilot
• Yaw Damper
• Alternator / Generator
• Nose Baggage Compartment
• Anti-Icing / Deicing
• Performance and Limitations
• Weight and Balance
• Ground Operation
• Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb
• Level Off and Cruise
• Normal Approach and Landing
• Crosswind Approach and Landing
• Short-Field Takeoff and Climb
• Short-Field Approach and Landing
• Go-Around
• Rejected Takeoff
• Engine Failure After Lift-Off
• Engine Failure During Flight
• Engine Inoperative Approach and Landing
• Engine Inoperative Flight Principles
• Slow Flight
• Stalls
• Power-Off Stalls (Approach and Landing)
• Power-On Stalls (Takeoff and Departure)
• Spin Awareness
• Engine Inoperative?Loss of Directional Control Demonstration
• Multiengine Training Considerations
13. Transition to Tailwheel Airplanes
    • Tailwheel Airplanes
    • Landing Gear
    • Taxiing
    • Normal Takeoff Roll
    • Takeoff
    • Crosswind Takeoff
    • Short-Field Takeoff
    • Soft-Field Takeoff
    • Touchdown
    • After-Landing Roll
    • Crosswind Landing
    • Crosswind After-Landing Roll
    • Wheel Landing
    • Short-Field Landing
    • Soft-Field Landing
    • Ground Loop
14. Transition to Turbopropeller Powered Airplanes
• General
• The Gas Turbine Engine
• Turboprop Engines
• Turboprop Engine Types
  • Fixed Shaft
  • Split-Shaft / Free Turbine Engine
• Reverse Thrust and Beta Range Operations
• Turboprop Airplane Electrical Systems
• Operational Considerations
• Training Considerations
15. Transition to Jet Powered Airplanes
• General
• Jet Engine Basics
• Operating the Jet Engine
  • Jet Engine Ignition
  • Continuous Ignition
  • Fuel Heaters
  • Setting Power
  • Thrust to Thrust Lever Relationship
  • Variation of Thrust with RPM
  • Slow Acceleration of the Jet Engine
• Jet Engine Efficiency
• Absence of Propeller Effect
• Absence of Propeller Slipstream
• Absence of Propeller Drag
• Speed Margins
• Recovery from Overspeed Conditions
• Mach Buffet Boundaries
• Low Speed Flight
• Stalls
• Drag Devices
• Thrust Reversers
• Pilot Sensations in Jet Flying
• Jet Airplane Takeoff and Climb
  • V-Speeds
  • Pre-Takeoff Procedures
  • Takeoff Roll
  • Rotation and Lift-Off
  • Initial Climb
• Jet Airplane Approach and Landing
  • Landing Requirements
  • Landing Speeds
  • Significant Differences
  • The Stabilized Approach
  • Approach Speed
  • Glidepath Control
  • The Flare
  • Touchdown and Rollout
16. Emergency Procedures
• Emergency Situations
• Emergency Landings
  • Types of Emergency Landings
  • Psychological Hazards
• Basic Safety Concepts
  • General
  • Attitude and Sink Rate Control
  • Terrain Selection
  • Airplane Configuration
  • Approach
• Terrain Types
  • Confined Areas
  • Trees (Forest)
  • Water (Ditching) and Snow
• Engine Failure After Takeoff (Single-Engine)
• Emergency Descents
• In-Flight Fire
  • Engine Fire
  • Electrical Fires
  • Cabin Fire
• Flight Control Malfunction / Failure
  • Total Flap Failure
  • Asymmetric (Split) Flap
  • Loss of Elevator Control
• Landing Gear Malfunction
• Systems Malfunctions
  • Electrical System
  • Pitot-Static System
• Abnormal Engine Instrument Indications
• Door Opening In Flight
• Inadvertent VFR Flight Into IMC
  • General
  • Recognition
  • Maintaining Airplane Control
  • Attitude Control
  • Turns
  • Climbs
  • Descents
  • Combined Maneuvers
  • Transition to Visual Flight
• Glossary