INDEX

1. Introduction to Glider Flying
   • Gliders - The Early Years
   • Glider or Sailplane?
   • Glider Certificate Eligibility Requirements.
   • Aeronautical Decision Making
   • Origins of ADM Training
   • The Decision-Making Process
     • Defining the Problem
   • Choosing a Course of Action
   • Implementing the Decision and Evaluating the Outcome
   • Risk Management
   • Assessing Risk
   • Factors Affecting Decision Making
   • Pilot Self-Assessment
   • Recognizing Hazardous Attitudes
   • Stress Management
   • Use of Resources
     • Internal Resources
     • External Resources
   • Workload Management
   • Situational Awareness
     • Obstacles to Maintaining Situational Awareness
   • Operational Pitfalls
   • Medical Factors Associated with Glider Flying
   • Hypoxia
     • Hypoxic Hypoxia
     • Hypemic Hypoxia
     • Stagnant Hypoxia
     • Histotoxic Hypoxia
   • Hyperventilation
   • Middle Ear and Sinus Problems
   • Spatial Disorientation
   • Motion Sickness
   • Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
   • Stress
   • Fatigue
   • Dehydration and Heatstroke
   • Alcohol
   • Drugs
   • Scuba Diving
2. Components and Systems
   • The Fuselage
• Wings and Components
• Lift/Drag Devices.
• The Empennage
• Tow Hook Devices
• Powerplant
• Landing Gear
• Wheel Brakes
3. Aerodynamics of Flight
   • Airfoil
• Angle of Attack
• Angle of Incidence
• Center of Pressure
• Forces of Flight
• Lift
  • Magnus Effect
  • Bernoulli's Principle
  • Newton's Third Law of Motion
• Drag
  • Parasite Drag
    • Form Drag
    • Interference Drag
    • Skin Friction Drag
  • Induced Drag
  • Total Drag
  • Drag Equation
  • Wing Planform
  • Aspect Ratio
• Weight
• Thrust
• Three Axes of Rotation
• Stability
• Flutter
• Lateral Stability
• Directional Stability
• Turning Flight
• Rate of Turn
• Radius of Turn
• Turn Coordination
• Slips
• Forward Slip
• Side Slip
• Stalls
• Spins
• Ground Effect
4. Flight Instruments
   • Pitot-Static Instruments
• Impact and Static Pressure Lines
  • Airspeed Indicator
  • Indicated Airspeed
  • Calibrated Airspeed
  • True Airspeed
  • Airspeed Indicator Markings
  • Other Airspeed Limitations
  • Altimeter
  • Principle of Operation
  • Effect of Nonstandard Pressure And Temperature
    • Setting the Altimeter
  • Types of Altitude
• Variometer
• Total Energy System
• Netto
• Electronic Flight Computers
• Magnetic Compass
• Magnetic Variation
• Magnetic Deviation
• Compass Errors
• Acceleration Error
• Turning Error
• Yaw String
• Inclinometer
• Gyroscopic Instruments
• Rigidity in Space.
• Precession
• Attitude Indicator
• Heading Indicator
• G-Meter
• Outside Air Temperature Gauge
5. Glider Performance
   • Factors Affecting Performance
• Density Altitude
• Pressure Altitude
• Atmospheric Pressure
• Altitude
• Temperature
• Moisture
• High and Low Density Altitude Condition
• Winds
• Weight
• Rate of Climb
• Flight Manuals and Placards
  • Areas of the Manual
  • Placards
  • Performance Information
  • Glider Polars
  • Weight and Balance Information
  • Limitations
  • Terms and Definitions
• Center of Gravity
• Problems Associated with CG Forward of Forward Limit
• Problems Associated with CG Aft of the Aft Limit
• Sample Weight and Balance Problems
• Determining CG Without Loading Charts
• Ballast Weight
• Effects of Water Ballast
6. Preflight and Ground Operations
   • Assembly Techniques
• Trailering
• TieDown and Securing
• Ground Handling
• Launch Equipment Inspection
• Glider Preflight Inspection
• Cockpit Management
• Personal Equipment
• Prelaunch Checklist
7. Launch and Recovery Procedures and Flight Maneuvers
   • Aerotow Launch Signals
• Pre-Launch Signals for Aerotow Launches
• In-Flight Aerotow Visual Signals
• Takeoff Procedures and Techniques.
• Aerotow Takeoffs
• Normal Takeoffs
• Crosswind Aerotow Takeoffs
• Common Errors
• Takeoff Emergency Procedures
• Aerotow Climbout and Release Procedures
• Common Errors
• Aerotow Abnormal Procedures
• Slack Line
• Common Errors
• Boxing the Wake
• Common Errors
• Ground Launch Takeoff
• Ground Launch Signals
  • Pre-launch Signals for Ground Launches
  • In-flight Signals for Ground Launches
• Tow Speeds
• Automobile Launch.
• Normal Into-the-Wind Ground Launch
• Crosswind Takeoff and Climb- Ground Launch
• Ground Tow Launch- Climbout and Release Procedures
• Common Errors
• Abnormal Procedures, Ground Launch
• Emergency Procedures, Ground Launch
• Self-Launch Takeoff Procedures
• Preparation and Engine Start
• Common Errors
• Taxiing the Self-Launching Glider
• Common Errors
• Before Takeoff Check- Self-Launching Glider
• Common Errors
• Normal Takeoff- Self-Launching Glider
• Crosswind Takeoff- Self-Launching Glider
• Common Errors
• Self-Launch- Climb-Out and ShutDown Procedures
• Common Errors
• Landings
• Common Errors
• Emergency Procedures, Self-Launching Glider
• Performance Maneuvers, Straight Glides
• Common Errors
• Turns
• Common Errors
• Steep Turns
• Common Errors
• Spiral Dive
• Common Errors
• Maneuvering at Minimum Control Airspeed, Stalls, and Spins
• Maneuvering at Minimum Controllable Airspeed
• Common Errors
• Stall Recognition and Recovery
• Advanced Stalls
• Secondary Stall
• Accelerated Stalls
• Crossed-Control Stall
• Common Errors
• Spins
• Entry Phase
• Incipient Phase
• Developed Phase
• Recovery Phase
• Common Errors
• Minimum Sink Airspeed
• Common Errors
• Best Glide Airspeed
• Common Errors
• Speed-To-Fly
• Common Errors
• Traffic Patterns
• Crosswind Landings
• Common Errors
• Slips
• Common Errors
• Downwind Landings
• Common Errors
• After-Landing and Securing
8. Abnormal and Emergency Procedures
   • Porpoising
   • Pilot-Induced Oscillations
• Pilot-Induced Pitch Oscillations During Launch
  • Factors Influencing PIOS
  • Improper Elevator Trim Setting
  • Improper Wing Flaps Setting
• Pilot-Induced Roll Oscillations During Launch
• Pilot-Induced Yaw Oscillations During Launch
• Gust-Induced Oscillations
• Vertical Gusts During High-Speed Cruise
• Pilot-Induced Pitch Oscillations During Landing
• Glider Induced Oscillations
• Pitch Influence of the Glider Towhook Position
• Self-Launch Glider Oscillations During Powered Flight
• Nosewheel Glider Oscillations During Launches and Landings
• Tailwheel/Tailskid Equipped Glider Oscillations During Launches and Landings
• Off-Field Landing Procedures
• After Landing Off-Field
• Off-Field Landing Without Injury
• Off-Field Landing With Injury
• Systems and Equipment Malfunctions
• Flight Instrument Malfunctions
  • Airspeed Indicator Malfunctions
  • Altimeter Malfunctions
  • Variometer Malfunctions
  • Compass Malfunctions
• Glider Canopy Malfunctions
  • Glider Canopy Open Unexpectedly
  • Broken Glider Canopy
  • Frosted Glider Canopy
• Water Ballast Malfunctions
• Retractable Landing Gear Malfunction
• Primary Flight Controls
  • Elevator Malfunctions
  • Aileron Malfunctions
  • Rudder Malfunctions
• Secondary Flight Control Systems
  • Elevator Trim Malfunctions
  • Spoiler/Dive Break Malfunctions
• Miscellaneous Flight System Malfunctions
  • Towhook Malfunctions
  • Oxygen System Malfunctions
  • Drogue Chute Malfunctions
• Self-Launch Gliders
• Self-Launch Glider Engine Failure During Takeoff or Climb
• Inability to Re-start a Self-Launch Glider Engine While Airborne
• Self-Launch Glider Propeller Malfunctions
• Self-Launch Glider Electrical System Malfunctions
• In-Flight Fire
• Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear
• Survival Gear Item Checklists
• Food and Water
• Clothing
• Communication
• Navigation Equipment
• Medical Equipment
• Stowage
• Oxygen System
• Parachute
9. Soaring Weather
   • The Atmosphere
• Composition
• Properties
• Temperature
• Density
• Pressure
• Standard Atmosphere
• Layers of the Atmosphere
• Scale of Weather Events
• Thermal Soaring Weather
• Thermal Shape and Structure
• Atmospheric Stability
• Understanding Soundings
• Air Masses Conducive to Thermal Soaring
• Cloud Streets
• Thermal Waves
• Thunderstorms
• Weather for Slope Soaring
• Wave Soaring Weather
• Mechanism for Wave Formation
• Lift Due to Convergence
• Obtaining Weather Information
  • Automated Flight Service Stations
  • Preflight Weather Briefing
  • Direct User Access Terminal System
  • On the Internet
• Interpreting Weather Charts, Reports, And Forecasts
  • Graphic Weather Charts
  • Surface Analysis Chart
  • Weather Depiction Chart
  • Radar Summary Chart
  • US Low-Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart
  • Winds and Temperatures Aloft
  • Composite Moisture Stability Chart
• Printed Reports and Forecasts
• Printed Weather Reports
  • Aviation Routine Weather Report
  • Pilot Reports
  • Radar Weather Reports
• Printed Forecasts
  • Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
  • Aviation Area Forecast
  • Communications and Product Headers
  • Precautionary Statements
  • Synopsis
  • VFR Clouds and Weather
• Convective Outlook Chart
• Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast
• Transcribed Weather Broadcasts
10. Soaring Techniques
    • Thermal Soaring
    • Ridge and Slope Soaring
    • Wave Soaring
• Preflight Preparation
• Getting into the Wave
• Flying in the Wave
• Soaring Convergence Zones
• Combined Sources of Updrafts
11. Cross-Country Soaring
    • Flight Preparation and Planning
    • Personal and Special Equipment
    • Navigation
• Using the Plotter
• A Sample Cross- Country Flight
• Navigation Using GPS
• Cross-Country Techniques
• Soaring Faster and Farther
• Special Situations
• Course Deviations
• Lost Procedures
• Cross-Country Using a Self-Launching Glider
• High-Performance Glider Operations and Considerations
• Cross-Country Using Other Lift Source
• Glossary